Contents show

What is Educational Technology?

Educational technology (also called learning technology) is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

The term educational technology is often associated with, and encompasses, instructional theory and learning theory. While instructional technology covers the processes and systems of learning and instruction, educational technology includes other systems used in the process of developing human capability.

Educational Technology includes, but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications and activities.

Educational technology is most simply and comfortably defined as an array of tools that might prove helpful in advancing student learning.

Educational Technology relies on a broad definition of the word “technology”. Technology can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such as machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader themes, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. Some modern tools include, but are not limited to, overhead projectors, laptop computers, and calculators. Newer tools such as “smart phones” and games (both online and offline) are beginning to draw serious attention for their learning potential.

Those who employ educational technologies to explore ideas and communicate meaning are learners or teachers.

Consider the Handbook of Human Performance Technology. The word technology for the sister fields of Educational and Human Performance Technology means “applied science.” In other words, any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the “scientific method” is considered a “technology.” Educational or Human Performance Technology may be based purely on algorithmic or heuristic processes, but neither necessarily implies physical technology.

The word technology comes from the Greek “Techne” which means craft or art. Another word “technique”, with the same origin, also may be used when considering the field Educational technology. So, Educational technology may be extended to include the techniques of the educator.

A classic example of an Educational Psychology text is Bloom’s 1956 book, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Bloom’s taxonomy is helpful when designing learning activities to keep in mind what is expected of—and, what are the learning goals for—learners. However, Bloom’s work does not explicitly deal with educational technology per se and is more concerned with pedagogical strategies.

Nature of Educational Technology

The earliest concept of educational technology was linked with the use of audio-visual aids like charts, models, maps, specimens, and concrete materials.
With the advent of physical science and the resulting electronic revolution, there came an era of sophisticated hardware and software like projectors, tape recorders, radio, and television. Educational technology was then seen as sophisticated instruments and equipment used for presenting instructional material.
The age of mass media led to a massive communications revolution for instructional purposes. Utilization of radio, television, teletext, and computer-assisted instruction for individualized learning thus brought more sophistication in the use of appliances and instruments for formal and informal education.
The concept of programmed learning and programmed instruction for self-instruction and auto-instruction was introduced.
The application of theories of teaching and learning, micro-teaching, behavior analysis, and systems approach further developed educational technology.

Other aspects of education due to systems approach:

Educational planning and organization
Psychology of learning
Curriculum development and course design
Production of teaching-learning materials
Audio-visual methods for presenting and disseminating information, storage, and retrieval
Allocation and management of human and non-human resources
Cost-effectiveness in education
Innovation
Evaluations

Thus, the nature of Educational Technology can be seen in the entire teaching-learning process, including:

Specification of goals and behavioral objectives
Analysis of the characteristics of the learner
Selection and organization of content to be learned
Methods and strategies of presenting content
Use of aid materials, software, hardware, and mass media
Effective learning environments and classroom management
Continuous feedback and evaluation of results

Characteristics of Educational Technology

Meaning is socially constructed and contextually reinvented.
Technology is everywhere (digital universe).
Teaching is done teacher-to-student, student-to-student, and people-technology-people (co-constructivism).
Schools are located everywhere (fully integrated in society).
Parents view schools as a place for them to learn too.
Teachers are everybody, everywhere.
Hardware and software in schools are available at low cost and used strategically.
Industry views graduates as co-workers or entrepreneurs.

Technology is changing the landscape of teaching and learning. Textbooks are being phased out, makerspaces are becoming increasingly common, and communication between teachers and students has never been easier or more abundant. While some teachers may be hesitant about the rapid changes, most are eager to embrace the potential of educational technology. Teachers successfully integrating edtech in their classrooms are leading the way and have much to teach others.

Traits of Teachers Successfully Using Educational Technology

They Are Flexible
Technology can be wonderful, but it can also be unreliable. Teachers who successfully use technology are flexible, have backup plans, and are patient with students as they learn new tools.
They Have a Growth Mindset
Teachers with a growth mindset are willing to embrace challenges, learn new skills, and grow alongside their students.
They Listen to the Students
Feedback from students helps teachers determine what technology is working and what isn’t. Teachers who listen to their students can adapt their teaching strategies accordingly.
They Embrace Change
Technology is constantly evolving, and teachers who successfully integrate it must be willing to adapt to new tools and methods.
They Plan Ahead
Incorporating technology requires careful planning. Successful teachers research the best tools for their lessons, prepare for challenges, and manage classroom use of technology.
They Collaborate
Technology enables teachers to collaborate with others, both locally and globally. Collaboration enhances learning and gives students real-world applications for their knowledge.
They Read, Read, Read
Teachers who stay current with the latest trends in educational technology are better equipped to integrate new tools into their classrooms.
They Have a Backup Plan
Teachers using technology are prepared for technical issues. They have contingency plans for internet outages, forgotten devices, and other potential roadblocks.
They Are Student-Centered
Teachers using technology allow students to take more control of their learning, guiding them as they explore information and solve problems independently.
They Care
Good teachers genuinely care about their students’ success. They are willing to use any tool or strategy necessary to help students reach their potential.

Types of Educational Technology

Educational technology involves the use of tools and resources such as media, machines, and networking hardware. It also considers the theoretical perspectives behind their effective application.

Educational technology includes types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video. It incorporates technology applications such as audio or video tapes, satellite TV, CD-ROMs, computer-based learning, and web-based learning.

1. Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning

Learning can occur either in real-time (synchronous) or at the learner’s own pace (asynchronous). Synchronous learning involves real-time interaction, such as video chats or live classes, while asynchronous learning allows students to engage with material independently, without needing to interact at the same time.

2. Linear Learning

Computer-based training (CBT) refers to self-paced learning delivered on devices like computers or smartphones. CBT typically presents content in a linear format, similar to reading a book. It is particularly useful for teaching static processes.

3. Collaborative Learning

Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) encourages students to work together on tasks. Web 2.0 social tools allow teachers and students to collaborate and share information easily, fostering creativity and engagement in the classroom.

Components of Educational Technology

Educational technology is a vast field focusing on the use of appropriate technology to improve teaching and learning. The field emphasizes the creation, use, and management of technology to enhance learning outcomes.

As technology continues to evolve, it impacts both teaching and learning. Teachers must adapt to new tools, enhance their teaching strategies, and use technology to create a more collaborative, engaging, and effective learning environment. Proper training and strategic use of educational technology can lead to improved results in both teaching and student learning.

Conclusion

In brief, Educational Technology is not limited to the use of audio-visual aids, software materials, and hardware equipment or psychological principles for improving the teaching-learning process. Rather, it involves the judicious application of available resources to enhance teaching and learning and solve educational problems.